{"id":856,"date":"2026-06-03T13:14:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T11:14:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptptsr.pl\/solution-focused-brief-therapy-geneza-i-ojcowie-zalozyciele\/"},"modified":"2026-06-03T13:47:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T11:47:34","slug":"solution-focused-brief-therapy-geneza-i-ojcowie-zalozyciele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ptptsr.pl\/en\/solution-focused-brief-therapy-geneza-i-ojcowie-zalozyciele\/","title":{"rendered":"Solution-Focused Brief Therapy \u2014 geneza i ojcowie zalozyciele"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Solution-Focused<\/figure>\n

Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), w Polsce znana jako Terapia Skoncentrowana na Rozwi\u0105zaniach (TSR), to jedno z najbardziej oryginalnych podej\u015b\u0107 w nowoczesnej psychoterapii. Jej historia zaczyna si\u0119 w niepozornym budynku w Milwaukee, gdzie grupa terapeut\u00f3w postanowi\u0142a odwr\u00f3ci\u0107 tradycyjny porz\u0105dek pracy z klientem: zamiast analizowa\u0107 problem, zacz\u0119li budowa\u0107 rozwi\u0105zanie. Po ponad czterech dekadach SFBT nadal pozostaje \u017cywym, rozwijaj\u0105cym si\u0119 nurtem, a Polskie Towarzystwo Psychoterapii Skoncentrowanej na Rozwi\u0105zaniach (PTPTSR) od lat dba o jako\u015b\u0107 kszta\u0142cenia i etyk\u0119 praktyki w naszym kraju.<\/p>\n

Milwaukee, lata 80. \u2014 gdzie wszystko si\u0119 zacz\u0119\u0142o<\/h2>\n

Geneza SFBT jest nierozerwalnie zwi\u0105zana z Brief Family Therapy Center<\/strong> (BFTC) \u2014 o\u015brodkiem badawczo-klinicznym za\u0142o\u017conym w 1978 roku w Milwaukee w stanie Wisconsin. To w\u0142a\u015bnie tam Steve de Shazer<\/em> i Insoo Kim Berg<\/em> wraz z zespo\u0142em (m.in. Eve Lipchik, Elam Nunnally, Alex Molnar, Marilyn La Court) zacz\u0119li systematycznie obserwowa\u0107 rozmowy terapeutyczne przez lustro weneckie, rejestrowa\u0107 sesje i analizowa\u0107, co dok\u0142adnie wywo\u0142uje zmian\u0119 u klient\u00f3w<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

BFTC nie mia\u0142o by\u0107 kolejnym o\u015brodkiem terapii rodzin. Tw\u00f3rcy chcieli odpowiedzie\u0107 na bardzo praktyczne pytanie: kt\u00f3re interwencje terapeutyczne realnie pomagaj\u0105, a kt\u00f3re s\u0105 tylko zwyczajowym rytua\u0142em zawodowym. Wnioski by\u0142y zaskakuj\u0105ce \u2014 najbardziej skuteczne okaza\u0142y si\u0119 rozmowy skupione nie na patologii, lecz na wyj\u0105tkach od problemu i preferowanej przysz\u0142o\u015bci klienta.<\/p>\n

Steve de Shazer i Insoo Kim Berg \u2014 duet, kt\u00f3ry zmieni\u0142 psychoterapi\u0119<\/h2>\n

Steve de Shazer (1940\u20132005) by\u0142 z wykszta\u0142cenia muzykiem jazzowym, p\u00f3\u017aniej pracownikiem socjalnym i teoretykiem terapii. To on sta\u0142 za rygorystycznym, niemal minimalistycznym j\u0119zykiem SFBT \u2014 pisa\u0142, \u017ce terapeuta powinien by\u0107 \u201etak prosty, jak to tylko mo\u017cliwe, ale nie prostszy\u201d. Jego ksi\u0105\u017cki, w tym Keys to Solution in Brief Therapy<\/em> (1985) i Clues: Investigating Solutions in Brief Therapy<\/em> (1988), sta\u0142y si\u0119 fundamentem podej\u015bcia.<\/p>\n

Insoo Kim Berg (1934\u20132007), urodzona w Korei, by\u0142a praktyczk\u0105, mistrzyni\u0105 rozmowy i osob\u0105, kt\u00f3ra nada\u0142a SFBT ludzk\u0105 twarz. To ona rozwin\u0119\u0142a zastosowania podej\u015bcia w pracy z osobami uzale\u017cnionymi, ofiarami przemocy, rodzinami w kryzysie oraz w obszarze ochrony dzieci. Razem z de Shazerem tworzyli wyj\u0105tkowy zesp\u00f3\u0142 \u2014 on dostarcza\u0142 teoretycznej precyzji, ona pokazywa\u0142a, \u017ce ta precyzja dzia\u0142a w gabinecie.<\/p>\n

Za\u0142o\u017cenia BFTC \u2014 od \u201edlaczego\u201d do \u201ejak\u201d<\/h2>\n

Zesp\u00f3\u0142 z Milwaukee odrzuci\u0142 dominuj\u0105ce w tamtych latach za\u0142o\u017cenie, \u017ce aby pom\u00f3c klientowi, trzeba zrozumie\u0107 przyczyny problemu. Zamiast tego sformu\u0142owa\u0142 kilka za\u0142o\u017ce\u0144, kt\u00f3re do dzi\u015b stanowi\u0105 rdze\u0144 SFBT:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Je\u015bli co\u015b dzia\u0142a \u2014 r\u00f3b tego wi\u0119cej.<\/strong> Klient ju\u017c ma w sobie zasoby; zadaniem terapeuty jest pom\u00f3c je dostrzec i wzmocni\u0107.<\/li>\n
  • Je\u015bli co\u015b nie dzia\u0142a \u2014 przesta\u0144 i zr\u00f3b co\u015b innego.<\/strong> Powtarzanie nieskutecznych strategii (tak\u017ce terapeutycznych) jest strat\u0105 czasu klienta.<\/li>\n
  • Rozwi\u0105zanie nie musi by\u0107 zwi\u0105zane z problemem.<\/strong> Mo\u017cna pom\u00f3c komu\u015b, nie poznawszy nigdy szczeg\u00f3\u0142\u00f3w jego trudno\u015bci.<\/li>\n
  • Klient jest ekspertem od swojego \u017cycia.<\/strong> Terapeuta jest ekspertem od prowadzenia rozmowy.<\/li>\n
  • Zmiana jest nieuchronna i ci\u0105g\u0142a.<\/strong> Wystarczy zauwa\u017cy\u0107 jej oznaki i wzmocni\u0107 ten kierunek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Z tych za\u0142o\u017ce\u0144 narodzi\u0142y si\u0119 klasyczne narz\u0119dzia: pytanie o cud<\/em>, pytania o wyj\u0105tki<\/em>, skala 0\u201310<\/em>, komplementowanie<\/em> oraz wiadomo\u015b\u0107 ko\u0144cowa<\/em> formu\u0142owana po przerwie w po\u0142owie sesji.<\/p>\n

    Dlaczego TSR \u017cyje 40 lat p\u00f3\u017aniej<\/h2>\n

    Mo\u017cna by oczekiwa\u0107, \u017ce po czterech dekadach nurt psychoterapeutyczny ulegnie skostnieniu, zostanie wch\u0142oni\u0119ty przez wi\u0119ksze szko\u0142y albo zast\u0105piony nowsz\u0105 mod\u0105. Z SFBT sta\u0142o si\u0119 inaczej \u2014 i to z kilku powod\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

    Po pierwsze, podej\u015bcie jest empirycznie potwierdzone<\/strong>. Meta-analizy (m.in. Kim 2008, Gingerich i Peterson 2013, Franklin i in. 2017) konsekwentnie pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce SFBT daje efekty por\u00f3wnywalne z d\u0142u\u017cej trwaj\u0105cymi terapiami, przy znacznie kr\u00f3tszym czasie trwania pracy. Po drugie, SFBT jest uniwersalne kontekstowo<\/em> \u2014 sprawdza si\u0119 w gabinecie, szkole, pracy socjalnej, coachingu, mediacjach i organizacjach. Po trzecie, jest etyczne<\/em>: szanuje autonomi\u0119 klienta, nie narzuca interpretacji, nie patologizuje.<\/p>\n

    W Polsce nurt zakorzeni\u0142 si\u0119 przede wszystkim dzi\u0119ki pracy Centrum Terapii Skoncentrowanej na Rozwi\u0105zaniach<\/em> w Warszawie oraz licznym szkoleniom prowadzonym od ko\u0144ca lat 90. PTPTSR powsta\u0142o, aby zrzesza\u0107 terapeut\u00f3w, dba\u0107 o standardy kszta\u0142cenia oraz reprezentowa\u0107 nurt w dialogu z innymi \u015brodowiskami psychoterapeutycznymi.<\/p>\n

    Dziedzictwo i przysz\u0142o\u015b\u0107<\/h2>\n

    Steve de Shazer zmar\u0142 w 2005 roku w Wiedniu, Insoo Kim Berg w 2007 roku w Milwaukee. Pozostawili po sobie nie tylko ksi\u0105\u017cki i nagrania, ale przede wszystkim \u017cyw\u0105 wsp\u00f3lnot\u0119 praktyk\u00f3w<\/strong> rozsian\u0105 po ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie \u2014 od USA, przez Europ\u0119, po Azj\u0119 i Ameryk\u0119 Po\u0142udniow\u0105. Wsp\u00f3\u0142cze\u015bni kontynuatorzy, tacy jak Peter De Jong, Yvonne Dolan, Harry Korman czy Mark McKergow, rozwijaj\u0105 podej\u015bcie w kierunkach takich jak praca z traum\u0105, terapia grupowa, kontekst medyczny czy zastosowania organizacyjne.<\/p>\n

    \n

    SFBT przypomina, \u017ce psychoterapia nie musi by\u0107 rozmow\u0105 o tym, co boli. Mo\u017ce by\u0107 rozmow\u0105 o tym, jak chcesz, \u017ceby by\u0142o \u2014 i co ju\u017c dzi\u015b o tym \u015bwiadczy.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Dla os\u00f3b zainteresowanych nurtem w Polsce PTPTSR pozostaje najwa\u017cniejszym punktem odniesienia \u2014 zar\u00f3wno jako \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o rzetelnych informacji o szkoleniach, jak i miejsce, w kt\u00f3rym mo\u017cna spotka\u0107 praktyk\u00f3w pracuj\u0105cych zgodnie ze standardami mi\u0119dzynarodowymi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Steve de Shazer i Insoo Kim Berg \u2014 historia powstania SFBT w Milwaukee. Sprawdz zalozenia BFTC i dlaczego TSR wciaz zyje 40 lat pozniej.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":868,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii"],"yoast_head":"\nSolution-Focused Brief Therapy \u2014 geneza i ojcowie zalozyciel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Steve de Shazer i Insoo Kim Berg \u2014 historia powstania SFBT w Milwaukee. 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